2022-04-27 更新
Intelligent Masking: Deep Q-Learning for Context Encoding in Medical Image Analysis
Authors:Mojtaba Bahrami, Mahsa Ghorbani, Nassir Navab
The need for a large amount of labeled data in the supervised setting has led recent studies to utilize self-supervised learning to pre-train deep neural networks using unlabeled data. Many self-supervised training strategies have been investigated especially for medical datasets to leverage the information available in the much fewer unlabeled data. One of the fundamental strategies in image-based self-supervision is context prediction. In this approach, a model is trained to reconstruct the contents of an arbitrary missing region of an image based on its surroundings. However, the existing methods adopt a random and blind masking approach by focusing uniformly on all regions of the images. This approach results in a lot of unnecessary network updates that cause the model to forget the rich extracted features. In this work, we develop a novel self-supervised approach that occludes targeted regions to improve the pre-training procedure. To this end, we propose a reinforcement learning-based agent which learns to intelligently mask input images through deep Q-learning. We show that training the agent against the prediction model can significantly improve the semantic features extracted for downstream classification tasks. We perform our experiments on two public datasets for diagnosing breast cancer in the ultrasound images and detecting lower-grade glioma with MR images. In our experiments, we show that our novel masking strategy advances the learned features according to the performance on the classification task in terms of accuracy, macro F1, and AUROC.
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Deep Q-learning of global optimizer of multiply model parameters for viscoelastic imaging
Authors:Hongmei Zhang, Kai Wang, Yan Zhou, Shadab Momin, Xiaofeng Yang, Mostafa Fatemi, Michael F. Insana
Objective: Estimation of the global optima of multiple model parameters is valuable in imaging to form a reliable diagnostic image. Given non convexity of the objective function, it is challenging to avoid from different local minima. Methods: We first formulate the global searching of multiply parameters to be a k-D move in the parametric space, and convert parameters updating to be state-action decision-making problem. We proposed a novel Deep Q-learning of Model Parameters (DQMP) method for global optimization of model parameters by updating the parameter configurations through actions that maximize a Q-value, which employs a Deep Reward Network designed to learn global reward values from both visible curve fitting errors and hidden parameter errors. Results: The DQMP method was evaluated by viscoelastic imaging on soft matter by Kelvin-Voigt fractional derivative (KVFD) modeling. In comparison to other methods, imaging of parameters by DQMP yielded the smallest errors (< 2%) to the ground truth images. DQMP was applied to viscoelastic imaging on biological tissues, which indicated a great potential of imaging on physical parameters in diagnostic applications. Conclusions: DQMP method is able to achieve global optima, yielding accurate model parameter estimates in viscoelastic imaging. Assessment of DQMP by simulation imaging and ultrasound breast imaging demonstrated the consistency, reliability of the imaged parameters, and powerful global searching ability of DQMP. Significance: DQMP method is promising for imaging of multiple parameters, and can be generalized to global optimization for many other complex nonconvex functions and imaging of physical parameters.
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